最後に、傾向と対策・高校入試のしくみなどへのLINKがあります。
【２】
次の〔１〕～〔４〕は、中学生のTaiga, ChiakiとLisaの会話です。これらを読んで、問1～間8に答えなさい。＊印のついている語句には、本文のあとに〔注〕があります。（32点）
〔１〕
(One day, the students are talking in the classroom.)
Taiga: I went to Utsunomiya City with my family last week.
Chiaki: That’s nice. How was it?
Taiga: It was very good and I ate gyoza there. They were very delicious. The gyoza I ate there were very (I / the / from / make / ones / different ) at home. After eating gyoza, we took the *LRT. That’s my favorite memory.
Lisa: The LRT? What is that?
Taiga : The LRT is a kind of “streetcar. It has a lower floor than most streetcars, and it is not difficult to get on the LRT because there are no *steps. Also, thanks to less noise from the LRT, it was a comfortable ride.
Chiaki: Wow, I want to take it, too.
Lisa:Me too. The news I watched last night said that there are other new kinds of *public transportation.
Chiaki : I heard there are plans for *self-driving buses in Japan.
Lisa : Why don’t we do research on new kinds of public transportation?
Taiga : That sounds good. Let’s do it.
〔注〕
LRT 世代型路面電車
step 段差
self-driving bus 自動運転バス
streetcar 路面電車
public transportation 公共交通機関
問1（ ）内のすべての語を、本文の流れに合うように、正しい順序に並べかえて書きなさい。（4点）
正解：●●●
問2 下線部Let’s do it.のdo itは、どのようなことをさしていますか。日本語で書きなさい。（4点）
正解：●●●
問3 本文〔１〕の内容に関する次の質問に、英語で答えなさい。（4点）
Why was it comfortable for Taiga to ride the LRT?
正解：●●●
〔２〕
＜The next day, Taiga talks about the LRT＞
Taiga: I’ve done some research on the LRT in Utsunomiya City. The LRT began *operation in 2023.
Lisa : So, the LRT is quite new! Tell me more about it.
Taiga: The company set up about twenty stops for the LRT. Now, it has become easier for people to go to Utsunomiya Station or other famous places in the city. The company plans to “extend the LRT. It plans to begin operation of the extended line around 2030.
Chiaki: I see. By the way, has the population of Utsunomiya City grown because of the LRT?
Taiga: Yes. Actually, the population of Utsunomiya City continued to grow for three years until 2018.
Lisa : For three years!
Taiga : The company showed the LRT plan in 2016. People were happy to hear of it, and some of them decided to live in the *LRT service area. A new elementary school opened two years before the LRT began operation, too.
Lisa : That’s amazing! I think that the LRT has brought many changes to people and the city.
〔注〕
operation 営業
LRT service area LRT が運行している地域
extend 〜 〜を延長する
問4 本文〔２〕の内容と合うように、次の年表内の①と②にあてはまる数字の組み合わせとして正しいものを、下のア〜エの中から一つ選び、その記号を書きなさい。（3点）
正解：●●●
〔３〕
＜Chiaki talks about another kind of public transportation.＞
Chiaki: I did some research on self-driving buses in Japan. They are already used in some areas.
Taiga: Oh, really? I’m surprised that there are areas which already have those buses in operation. Technology is always improving, isn’t it? I’m looking forward to seeing how our lives will change in the future.
Lisa : That’s true. But why are those buses running in the area?
Taiga : I think there are not enough bus drivers.
Chiaki: Yeah, that’s why self-driving buses are used. Instead of a bus driver, a staff member rides the bus. The staff member is on the bus for emergencies. If something happens, such as an earthquake, the staff member will control the bus by using something like a video game controller.In the future, when self-driving technology is “fully developed, drivers or staff members ( ) on the bus. However, it may take time to develop such self-driving technology.
Taiga: By the way, where are the self-driving buses running?
Chiaki: They are running in areas with a large *elderly population. Some people say they are happy to have a bus stop near their homes. The buses are needed for their daily lives.
〔注〕
fully 完全に
elderly 年配の
問5 下線部が「将来、自動運転技術が完全に発達すると、運転手やスタッフはバスに必要なくなるでしょう。」という意味になるように、（ ）に適切な4語の英語を書きなさい。（4点）
正解：●●●
問6 本文の内容と合うものを、次のア～エの中から一つ選び、その記号を書きなさい。（3点）
ア People in some areas have stopped using buses with staff members.
イ In some areas of Japan, self-driving buses are used because the area is not large.
ウ Self-driving buses will be developed because of many elderly people’s help.
エ In an emergency, the self-driving bus is controlled by a staff member.
正解：●●●
〔４〕
<Lisa shares her idea.>
Lisa : I did a little research on the *Linear Chuo Shinkansen.
Taiga: I heard about it on the news. It’s faster than the Shinkansen, isn’t it? But we already have the Shinkansen, and it’s useful.
Chiaki : Yes, it is. Why is the Linear Chuo Shinkansen necessary?
Lisa: Well, the Tokaido Shinkansen already runs through Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka. But developing the Linear Chuo Shinkansen will bring “faster and more stable passenger transport between those big cities. Some people say that it will take only forty minutes to get to Nagoya from Tokyo by the Linear Chuo Shinkansen.
Chiaki: Oh, I see. Now I understand why it is needed. Creating new kinds of public transportation can really make our lives easier.
Taiga: Each new kind of public transportation has its own “purpose. I hope that new kinds of public transportation will be developed to support different areas and the people who use them.
〔注〕
Linear Chuo Shinkansen リニア中央新幹線
fast and stable passenger transport 高速で安定的な旅客輸送
purpose 目的
問7 本文〔１〕～〔４〕の内容と合うように、次の（1）、（2）の英語に続く最も適切なものを、ア～エの中から一つずつ選び、その記号を書きなさい。（各3点）
(1) While the students were talking,
ア Lisa learned the purpose of different kinds of public transportation by taking the Linear Chuo Shinkansen.
イ Chiaki took the self-driving bus and felt good because there was no bus driver.
ウ Taiga explained how different the LRT is from most streetcars.
エ they realized that each new kind of public transportation is still expensive to use.
正解：●●●
(2) According to the students,
ア the Linear Chuo Shinkansen will be used when an earthquake happens.
イ people in some areas of Japan can already use self-driving buses.
ウ the LRT was made for students at the new elementary school in Utsunomiya City.
エ the LRT, self-driving buses, and the Linear Chuo Shinkansen will be created by the same person.
正解：●●●
問8 次は、後日のLisaとTaigaの会話です。自然な流れになるように、（ ）に適切な3語以上の英語を書きなさい。（4点）
Lisa: It was interesting to know that there are new kinds of public transportation in Japan.
Taiga : Yeah, are there any new kinds of public transportation you want to take?
Lisa :I wish ( ) the Linear Chuo Shinkansen right now.
Taiga :That would be nice. But some people say that we need to wait several years for it to begin operation.
正解：●●●
【３】
沈は、高校1年生のRyujiが書いた文です。これを読んで、問1～問6に答えなさい。＊印のついている語句には、本文のあとに〔注〕があります。（30点）
Japanese restaurants often have disposable chopsticks. While I was eating at a restaurant last week, I wondered how disposable chopsticks were made and where they came from. So, I did research on them in books and on the internet. By researching how disposable chopsticks are made, I learned many things. For example, where the wood used to make them comes from and how the trees grow in the forests.
There are two types of disposable chopsticks used in Japan, those made in Japan and those made overseas. My research was about disposable chopsticks made in Japan. To explain how. disposable chopsticks are made in Japan, you need to know （ ① ）The trees used to make houses and “furniture are grown in artificial forests because they need to be “as straight as possible.In artificial forests, young trees are planted at narrow *intervals, and the number of trees is reduced “as they grow. This way of reducing the number of trees is called “thinning. You may think that it is wasteful to thin them after taking the time to plant and grow young trees.However, without thinning, the forests become too “dense, and grass cannot grow because（ ② ）Without grass, good land for growing trees is easily washed away by rain, and the land becomes *barren.
After the trees are cut, only the center part is used to make houses, furniture, and other products. The other parts of the trees are not used. Wood from thinning is not used to make large products because it is too small. Japanese disposable chopsticks are made from these small pieces, so they have both economic and environmental *value. We can say that （ ③ ）.
These days, expensive Japanese disposable chopsticks made from thinned wood have become popular.You don’t need to break these chopsticks because they are already divided. They are wrapped in beautiful paper. Some products also have a special design for the wrapping paper.These expensive Japanese disposable chopsticks are not for one-time use at a restaurant. The makers (to / and / you / home / take / them / want ) use them there, too. They are seen as small presents by tourists from other countries. No one would call such chopsticks “disposable chopsticks.”After all this research, I thought that Japan’s artificial forests were kept in good condition by thinning and the use of the thinned wood. But in fact, they are not kept in good condition.*Imports of cheap wood from other countries began to increase around 1960, and Japan’s self-sufficiency rate for wood fell below 50% in 1969. The rate was about 40% in 2022. As a result, the number of people working in forests has *decreased, and the number of artificial forests that cannot be thinned or taken care of has increased. So, the national government and local governments are making plans. For example, they are trying to have more young people who work in forests. They are also building roads for carrying wood.
What about forests in other countries? Forests are decreasing around the world because people cut down trees to create *farmland, and also because of *acid rain or forest fires.An effort to stop decreasing forest area was made at an international meeting in 2021. Some countries and areas began efforts to increase forests by starting to plant trees. Now, they realize that protecting forests （ A ）also important for *coping with climate change. Some national leaders say that they will take greater action to protect forests.
Through researching disposable chopsticks, I found that wood is *effectively used in Japan.I have learned not only about Japan’s forests but also about forests around the world. I have also learned that an international effort was made to protect forests. In the past, some leaders made similar efforts, and people thought the decreasing of forests would stop. However, some of them failed to *achieve their goals of protecting forests. I thought that not only the national governments, but also companies and *individuals should understand this problem and take action. I would like to start by （ B ）efforts to protect forests.
〔注〕
disposable chopsticks 割り箸
as straight as possible できるだけまっすぐな
as～ ～するにつれて
wasteful むだな
barren 不毛のimport 輸入
decrease 減少する
acid rain 酸性雨
cope with climate change 気候変動に対処する
achieve～ ～を達成する
furniture 家具
interval 間隔
thin〜 ～を間引く
dense 密集した
value 価値
self-sufficiency rate 自給率
farmland 農地
effectively 有効に
individual 個人
問1 空欄（ ① ）〜（ ③ ）にあてはまる最も適切な文を、次のア〜カの中から一つずつ選び、その記号を書きなさい。なお、同じ記号を2度以上使うことはありません。（各3点）
ア it is used to protect forests around the world.
イ wood is used without waste to make Japanese disposable chopsticks.
ウ sunlight cannot reach it.
エ we are growing trees by using chopsticks.
オ we need to create a better environment for people who work for forests.
カ how to grow trees for wood products.
正解：
①●●●
②●●●
③●●●
問2 （ ）内のすべての語を、本文の流れに合うように、正しい順序に並べかえて書きなさい。（4点）
正解：●●●
問3 空欄（ A ）（ B ）にあてはまる最も適切なものを、次の中から一つずつ選び、必要に応じて、それぞれ正しい形にかえて書きなさい。（各3点）
| be | break | cut | go |
| hold | sit | support | watch |
正解：
A ●●●
B ●●●
問4 本文の内容に関する次の質問に、英語で答えなさい。（4点）
What did some countries and areas do to increase forests after 2021?
正解：●●●
問5 本文の内容に合うように、次の英文の（ ）にあてはまる適切な英語を、2語で書きなさい。（3点）
Wood from thinning is so small that it cannot ( ) to make a large product.
正解：●●●
問6 本文の内容と合うものを、次のア～力の中からすべて選び、その記号を書きなさい。（4点）
ア Disposable chopsticks made in Japan are made from small wood pieces.
イ The national government is trying to increase the number of young workers to build roads.
ウ Ryuji thought that individual action is enough to solve forest problems.
エ Good land for growing trees doesn’t need grass.
オ International efforts are not always successful in protecting forests.
カ Japanese people often buy disposable chopsticks made in other countries to give to friends as a present.
●●●
【４】
次の英文を読んで、下線部の質問に対するあなたの考えを、その理由が伝わるように、〔記入上の注意〕に従って40語以上50程度の英語で書きなさい。（10点）
Today, many people buy used things such as books or clothes. You can buy those kinds of goods at some shops or online stores. On the other hand, some people like to buy new things.
Do you think more people will buy used things in the future?
〔記入上の注意〕
①【記入例】にならって、解答欄の下線_の上に1語ずつ書きなさい。
符号（，.？1など）は語数に含めません。
50語を超える場合は、解答欄の破線…で示された行におさまるように書きなさい。
② 英文の数は問いません。
③【下書き欄】は、必要に応じて使ってかまいません。
回答例：
●●●
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